indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
gear; cogwheel; cog (in an organization, company, etc.); cog in the machine
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
punch (with the fist); punching (a hole); hole punch; punch (drink); punch (in a song, speech, etc.); impact
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
Digimon (internationally popular cartoon and comic series)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work