indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to keep someone from doing; to stop; to prevent; to check; to hinder; to obstruct
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to lose sight of; to miss
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to face; to go towards; to head towards
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
messenger; envoy; emissary
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
My goodness!; Good lord!; Holy cow!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
how; in what way; how about
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to kick the bucket; to drop dead; to die; to be pooped; to be exhausted; to be knackered
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation