(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to dwell; to live; to stay at; to take shelter at; to be pregnant; to be part of a constellation
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
solution (of an equation, inequality, etc.); root (e.g. of a polynomial); solution (to a given problem); answer; explanation; interpretation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
column; beam; girder; digit; decade; order of magnitude
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
doubt; question; suspicion; dubiousness
to feel; to sense; to experience
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)