indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scheme; tactic; stratagem; trick
by means of; due to; because of; according to
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
scattered; disperse; loose; disconnected; in pieces; in drops
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become clear; to be made public
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
massing (of troops); gathering
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
exposed; scanty; bare; public; open
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)