indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
special; particular; peculiar; unique
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
observance (of laws, rules, etc.); adherence; obeying; following; abiding by; compliance
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
to plan; to form a plan; to scheme; to envision; to intend to do
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
Vermilion Bird (god said to rule over the southern heavens); seven mansions (Chinese constellations) of the southern heavens
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
scaffold; scaffolding; foothold; footing; foothold (e.g. in business); foundation
to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
the future; future prospects
inevitable; necessary; certain; inevitability; necessity
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
myself; yourself; I; me; you
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back