history of; experience of
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
tenth day of the month; ten days
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
declaration of war; proclamation of war
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
latest; newest; late-breaking (news)
January; first month of the lunar calendar
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
pride; boast; credit (to)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
eleven; team (of eleven players; esp. in soccer)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
Japanese person; Japanese people
myself; yourself; I; me; you
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
near; close; beside; third person
irritation; annoyance; frustration
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself