one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to have a talk; to tell a story
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
life; living; I; me; student
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
on one occasion; once; at one point; at one time
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
carelessness; inattention; thoughtlessness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
breeding; multiplication; increase; propagation; reproduction
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be at a loss; to be puzzled
to take into one's possession; to receive; to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to leave; to go away
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fruit wine (e.g. cider, wine, plum liquor); fruit liqueur
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance