year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
spreading; disseminating; scattering; diffusion (of light, gas)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
since; henceforth; ever since
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
unique; peculiar; singular
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to sing; to sing of (love, beauty, etc.) in a poem; to express in the form of a poem; to recite (a poem)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to speak; to say; to vocalize
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
of course; certainly; naturally
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
lively; active; vigorous; animated; brisk