the heavens; the skies; celestial sphere; heavenly realm; deva realm
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
religious exultation; ecstasy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
personality; character; individuality; personhood
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
convenient; handy; useful
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
great; grand; magnificent; outstanding; mighty
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)