indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one school; one sect; one denomination; one party; one faction; one group
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
charge; rush; dash; assault; attack
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
horizontal stripes; lateral stripes
generally; on the whole; general; rough; outline; main points
door; gate; opening; title page
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (at); to fling (at); to vent (e.g. one's anger); to express (one's feelings)
average height; average body height
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
easily (reach, exceed, etc.); comfortably; amply; fully; well over
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
vice president (of a club, organization, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
staff officer; military staff; adviser; counselor; counsellor
dry riverbed; river beach
(all) through (e.g. the night); throughout (e.g. the year); within (e.g. the week); in the course of (e.g. today); all over; throughout (e.g. the world)
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
temporary; provisional; fictitious; assumed (name); hypothetical; theoretical
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of; serving (in the military, congress, etc.)
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah