(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
educational institution; school; academy; campus
just before; on the verge of; on the brink of; just in front of; just ahead of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from the beginning; from scratch
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
by (means of); by doing; due to; via; through
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
though; notwithstanding; although
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
results; record; grades; marks
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
another school; other schools
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take off one's hat to a person; to acknowledge another's superiority
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...