number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Occident and Orient (esp. the Occident); ocean; sea; foreign; Western
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
crossing; traversing; traversing horizontally; passing west to east (or east to west); cutting horizontally
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to cuddle; to comfort; to rock; to soothe; to dandle; to humor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
skill; skillful; dexterity; flattery
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
good feeling; feeling good
after a long time; for the first time in a while
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see