indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
father; dad; husband; you; he
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
jack; knave; (electrical) jack; hijack; hijacking
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you