indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
older sister; lass; young lady
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
malicious; ill-tempered; unkind
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to allow; to let (somebody) do; to make (somebody) do
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling, atmosphere, etc.); serious; gloomy
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
honorific/polite/humble prefix
sleeping during the day; (afternoon) nap; siesta
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
very hungry; starving; fawning; bowing and scraping; giving in; being dented
preparation; arrangements
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
together; at the same time; same; identical
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
not the time for; not the place for; far from; anything but; ... is out of the question; ... isn't the word for it
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary