to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
close (e.g. of business); leaving (e.g. school); being outdone; compare unfavourably (with); closing price (stockmarket); sink mark (casting, moulding)
such ... as; or some such
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to force one's way through
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
adds force or indicates command
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; so?
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
caster; newscaster; news anchor; anchorman
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
standing facing each other (e.g. mountains, buildings); standing opposite each other; confrontation; squaring off against (adversaries, armies, forces); standing off against
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to check; to stop; to keep back
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
great swordsman; master fencer
rather; better; instead; if anything
to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)