senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preparation; arrangements
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
last night; yesterday evening
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
please (give me); please (do for me)
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
so; like this; in this way
to scatter around; to leave untidy; to make a mess
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)