when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
border (between countries); national border
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
being at sea; losing one's bearings; (arch.) disorientation upon waking at night; (arch.) forgetting which house or room to enter
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sacrifice; victim (esp. someone killed); casualty; sacrifice (to a deity)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
minimum; lowest; minimal; at a minimum
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
return (home); repatriation; feedback (in an electronic circuit, biological system, etc.)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
President (of China; title used 1912-1924)
to draw a bow; to oppose; to defy; to disobey one's superiors
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement