indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
rot; decay; corrosion; etching; saprophagy
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
smell; scent; aura; whiff; faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
to deceive; to cheat; to falsify; to misrepresent; to evade (a question, taxes, etc.); to dodge
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to meet; to face someone; to co-star; to appear together; to be matched; to face against
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to try (out); to have a try (at); to test; to put to the test
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
how many people; a number of people