honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be found; to be discovered
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
roughly; approximately; round about; cursorily; briefly; quickly
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
magic; sorcery; incantation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
diviner; sorcerer; exorcist; medium
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
work; business; company; study
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
considerably; fairly; quite
ago; since; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
to put on; to wear; to be used to wearing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing