yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
poor thing!; pour soul!; what a pity!
to grow up; to become an adult
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
makings (of); aptitude; talent; nature; character; temperament
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (something); to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
even if; even though; although one might say; although called
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
professor; teaching; instruction
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...