circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with; covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even though; despite; when
worldly affairs; public affairs
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fire built in an iron basket (watch fire, fishing fire, etc.); bonfire; campfire; (arch.) brothel-keeper (Edo period)
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to burn; to kindle; to heat (a bath); to light (a stove); to use (a camera flash)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to not take seriously; to take lightly
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
in this way; thus; such; uh...
now that; since; so long as; because
current; urgent; to confront (an issue); to face (up to something); for the meantime; at present
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
cleaning up; sweeping up; mopping up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
please; somehow or other; one way or another
your will; your pleasure; your wish; certainly; as you say; you are quite right
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may