indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
readiness; (mental) preparedness; resolution; determination; resignation (to one's fate)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
certainly; for sure; distinctly; clearly; firmly; tightly
to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
negligent; neglectful; careless; remiss
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
to know; to be aware (of); to be acquainted (with); to think; to consider; to believe
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
both (people); the two of them
to take (someone to a place); to take (someone) with one; to take along; to lead away
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix