indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to miss; to overlook; to let pass (a matter); to overlook (e.g. a wrongdoing); to pass up (e.g. an opportunity); to let (a good ball) go by
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
(arch.) offering (to the gods, emperor, etc.); gift; sacrifice
when it becomes; when it comes to
to say; to be called; to do
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
meddling; interfering; choosing to keep the drawn tile and discarding a different one
useless; futile; unnecessary; needless; not on business; unrelated
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
spirit; heart; disposition
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge; explosion
mountain-dwelling robber; brigand
vital part (of the body); tender spot; key point; essential point; male crotch (as a target in fighting); vital point
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
(any) particular; special; material; perceptible; noticeable
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
insistent; obstinate; persistent; too rich (taste, etc.); fatty; heavy
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo