indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
present; gift; to give a present or gift
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
entrails; giblets; guts; internal organs
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common