spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
spirit; sprite; energy; vigor (vigour); fine details; semen
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
the other day; a few days ago
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to