indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
number one; first; best; most; game; round
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
Pacific saury (Cololabis saira); mackerel pike
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
how; in what way; how about
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
each time; always; often; thank you for your continued patronage
(someone else's) daughter
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
freebie (e.g. with a purchase); something additional; price reduction; discount; exaggeration
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...