darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
gale; strong wind; swift wind; fresh breeze (Beaufort scale)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
meaning; significance; sense
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to make up for; to compensate for; to indemnify; to recompense; to redeem (e.g. a fault); to atone for
while; during; while; although; all; both
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
one's student (esp. a former one); one's pupil; one's disciple
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all