as a child; when one was a child
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to crouch; to squat; to cower
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
nothing but; except; no more than
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; home; one's house; one's home; one's husband
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
to be able to manage somehow or other
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
main office; this office; this game (of go, shogi, etc.)
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
older sister; lass; young lady
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hot (to the touch); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)