indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix