indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
technique; art; skill; move
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest