indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
suffix for familiar person
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
bringing certain death; deadly; knockout (blow)
li (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: fire, south)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
zhen (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: thunder, east)
abode of demons; hotbed (of graft); pandemonium
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
in that way; thus; so; so?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise