indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement