lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
a (short) time; a while; one time (in the past); a period; (arch.) two-hour period
how are things with you?; how are you doing?
caster; newscaster; news anchor; anchorman
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beginning; outset; first; onset
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
suffix for familiar person
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
meaning; called; named; that says; that
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
empty air; sky; shunyata (the lack of an immutable intrinsic nature within any phenomenon); emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
beautiful woman; (a) beauty; belle; good-looker
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
extreme; ultra; mega; damn; stupid; cursed
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
nice to meet you; I'm glad to make your acquaintance; how do you do?
smell (esp. a good smell); fragrance; scent; aroma; perfume
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)