to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
news; tidings; information; correspondence; letter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to be worried; to be troubled
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
suffix for familiar person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
so; like this; in this way
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
time; hour; period; class
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
admiration; being impressed; admirable; praiseworthy; astonishment; being appalled
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how