at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to be found; to be discovered
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up