indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)