indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ridge (of roof); back of a sword; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she