how; in what way; by what means
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
tightly; closely; exactly; precisely; suddenly (stopping); perfectly (suited)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
course; route; course (of study); program; lane (in running, swimming, etc.); course (of action); policy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
to accompany; to follow; to keep up with
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
heh heh heh; tee-hee; giggle
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
ropeway; cableway; aerial lift; cable car
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
riding; ride; spread (of paints); -seater (e.g. two-seater); (getting into the) mood; (entering into the) spirit
looking up (e.g. a word in a dictionary); retrieval (e.g. data); searching for; referring to
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
serval (Leptailurus serval)
suffix for familiar person
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do