card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; card; program
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do over again; to redo; to start over; to remake; to resume; to recommence
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
company; lot; people; troupe; company (of musicians)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
how much; how many; to what extent
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
after all; in the end; anyway; (cannot) possibly; (not) at all; (not) by any means
gold (metal); gold (color); gold (medal); first place (prize); something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence); money
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
further; above (that); greater (than that); any more
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; below (a standard, level, etc.); under; the following; the below-mentioned
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
how; in what way; how about