indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
depreciation; decline; fall; slump
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to recover; to rally; to improve; to carry in a different way; to change one's grip (on); to shift (a bag, etc.) from one hand to the other
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
unspecified; random; indefinite
dozens; scores of; decades
10^12; 1,000,000,000,000; trillion; sign; omen; indication
yen (currency of Japan); circle
scale; scope; plan; structure
payment made via bank deposit transfer; discarding a tile that becomes another player's winning tile
riot; rebellion; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
price increase; prise rise
by means of; due to; because of; according to
it doesn't matter what; anything is fine
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at once; right away; promptly; quickly; right now; this instant
to replace; to convert; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute (person, staff member, player, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
society; the world; the times
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow