year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
suddenly; all of a sudden
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
most part; greater part; majority
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
in order to do; for the purpose of doing; must; should
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
strength; power; proficiency; ability
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
equipping; installing; fitting; mounting; putting on
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
countries all over the world; all the countries of the world