hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
postponement; deferment; extension (of time)
dirt; filth; stain; blot; spot
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
stake; post; pile; (arch.) stump
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
you; (arch.) your residence
gem; jewel; precious stone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to seal (letter); to prevent; to forbid; to block
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
return gift; return favour (favor); revenge; change (in a cash transaction)
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
partner (esp. in manzai); companion; partner for the night (e.g. at a brothel)
useful thing; usable article
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
countenance; features; looks
to extol; to sing the praises of; to celebrate; to declare; to stipulate; to express
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sudden; abrupt; unexpected
mysterious thief; phantom thief
is that so? (generally rhetorical)