indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
sacrifice; victim; sacrifice (to a deity)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
junk; rubbish; trash; garbage; odds and ends
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to stagnate; to settle (at the bottom); to deposit; to become sluggish; to become dull; to be delayed
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
to recall; to remember; to recollect
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make good; to improve; to do often; to be kind to; to treat well
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
single; solo; solitary; just one; only one