indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Dragon King; promoted rook
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
commercial (radio, TV, etc.); ad; construction management; contract manufacturer; customer management; court martial
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing