junior high school student; middle school pupil
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
by myself; in person; by oneself
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
society; the world; the times
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
society; public; community; social studies
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement