end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
chair; stool; post; office; position
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by myself; in person; by oneself
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
disassembly; dismantling; factorization; decomposition; resolution; deblocking
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
weeding out; elimination (e.g. of unneeded employees); culling; selection (e.g. natural selection)