ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
duty; obligation; responsibility
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
myself; yourself; I; me; you
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be found; to be discovered
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed