indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
tension; mental strain; nervousness
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rule; reign; government; governing
three; three years of age
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
number; number plate; license plate
selection (esp. from many people for an important job position); exceptional promotion
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
underground spring; Hades; hell; underworld
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to surpass; to outdo; to excel; to tower above (the surrounding landscape)
ingenuity; resourcefulness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
chief of the general staff
to acquire a position; to hold an appointment
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)