indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
spirit power; magical power
underground spring; Hades; hell; underworld
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
mythical carp with the head of a lion and the body of a fish (auspicious protectors of well-being)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
100,000; hundred thousand
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of