indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to follow someone's last wishes; to fulfil a dying wish
existence; possession; having; limited company
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rule; reign; government; governing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
proposal; proposition; suggestion
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
by means of; due to; because of; according to
whole nation; whole land; whole country
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
martial arts; military arts; wushu; modern sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
viewing as ...; seeing as ...; treating as ...; regarding as ...
uninterested; unconcerned; plain; light; flowing gently
overall victory; championship
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
mixture; blending; complication; crossing; intersecting; interlacing
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
lottery; raffle; drawing (of lots)
fate; destiny; connection; tie; pretext; justification
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
underground spring; Hades; hell; underworld
Asura; demigod; fighting; carnage; sledge (for conveying large rocks, logs, etc.); log slide
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs